In order to recover the sufficiency of Scripture we must once again
learn to distinguish the Law and the Gospel as the "two words" of
Scripture. For the Reformers, it was not enough to believe in inerrancy.
Since Rome also had a high view of Scripture in theory, the Reformers
were not criticizing the church for denying its divine character.
Rather, they argued that Rome subverted its high view of Scripture by
the addition of other words and by failing to read and proclaim
Scripture according to its most obvious sense.
At the heart of the reformation's hermeneutics was the distinction
between "Law" and "Gospel." For the Reformers, this was not equivalent
to "Old Testament" and "New Testament;" rather, it meant, in the words
of Theodore Beza, "We divide this Word into two principal parts or
kinds: the one is called the 'Law,' the other the 'Gospel.' For all the
rest can be gathered under the one or other of these two headings." The
Law "is written by nature in our hearts," while "What we call the Gospel
(Good News) is a doctrine which is not at all in us by nature, but
which is revealed from Heaven (Mt. 16:17; John 1:13)." The Law leads us
to Christ in the Gospel by condemning us and causing us to despair of
our own "righteousness." "Ignorance of this distinction between Law and
Gospel," Beza wrote, "is one of the principal sources of the abuses
which corrupted and still corrupt Christianity."1
Luther made this hermeneutic central, but both traditions of the
Protestant Reformation jointly affirm this key distinction. In much of
medieval preaching, the Law and Gospel were so confused that the "Good
News" seemed to be that Jesus was a "kinder, gentler Moses," who
softened the Law into easier exhortations, such as loving God and
neighbor from the heart. The Reformers saw Rome as teaching that the
Gospel was simply an easier "law" than that of the Old Testament.
Instead of following a lot of rules, God expects only love and heartfelt
surrender. Calvin replied, "As if we could think of anything more
difficult than to love God with all our heart, all our soul, and all our
strength! Compared with this law, everything could be considered
easy...[For] the law cannot do anything else than to accuse and blame
all to a man, to convict, and, as it were, apprehend them; in fine, to
condemn them in God's judgment: that God alone may justify, that all
flesh may keep silence before him."2
Thus, Calvin observes, Rome could only see the Gospel as that which
enables believers to become righteous by obedience and that which is "a
compensation for their lack," not realizing that the Law requires
perfection, not approximation. Continue at Michael Horton
See Also: Is the Law Gracious?